Regulation of Protein Synthesis Using Khavinson Peptides

Effects of Peptides on Cellular Cultures: Enhancing Protein Synthesis and Stimulating Organ Specific Responses

Stimulation of Protein Synthesis in Specific Organs

Adding peptides to cellular cultures resulted in a tissue-specific stimulation of protein synthesis in the cells of the specific organ, from which these peptides were obtained. This enhancement of protein synthesis was diagnosed in both young and old animals. It was proven that small peptides exert a tissue-specific stimulation on the expression of differentiation factors such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), Homeobox A3 (Hoxa3), WEGC1 (exact full form not provided). Specific peptides such as KEDW, ADEL, and AEDG were found to affect different cells like pancreas cells, bronchial epithelium, and fibroblasts respectively. This influence was particularly pronounced in ‘old’ cell cultures, elucidating their geroprotective mechanism.

Regulation of Cellular Functions and Expression in Pancreas and Bronchial Epithelium

Peptides like KEDW increase the expression of various proteins and reduce others in ‘old’ cultures of the pancreas cells. For instance, the peptide AEDL contributes to the activation of cell renewal and enhances the functional activity of bronchial epithelium cells, regulating the synthesis of proteins like Ki67 (marker used in cell proliferation), Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), tumor protein p53 (p53), CD79 (part of the B-cell receptor complex), and Nitric Oxide Synthase-3 (NOS-3).

KED Peptide and Its Effects on Different Cells

In human cortical thymocytes, the KED peptide enhanced differentiation towards regulatory T-cells, increased proliferative activity, and reduced apoptosis. Studies also demonstrated the peptide’s effect on bone marrow stem cells CD34+ (hematopoietic progenitor cells), stimulating markers of myeloid cells CD14 (monocyte differentiation antigen) and B-lymphocytes CD19 (B-lymphocyte antigen).

Associative Training and KED Modulating Activity

The model of maintaining conditioned responses in short-term and long-term memory of melliferous bee helped reveal the KED peptide’s modulating activity on associative training, highlighting its broad applications.

EDR Peptide’s Neuroprotective Properties

EDR peptide in organotypic cultures of the old rats’ brain cortex increased expression of markers like Ki67 and serotonin (1,7-fold and 2,2-fold, correspondingly), signifying its pronounced neuroprotective properties.

AEDG Peptide and Melatonin Synthesis

Adding peptide AEDG to pinealocyte cultures stimulated the synthesis of enzymes and transcription factors involved in converting serotonin into melatonin. The content of melatonin subsequently increased in the culture medium.

Induction of Differentiation in Embryonic Retinal Cell Cultures

Peptides AEDG and KE’s addition to embryonic retinal cell cultures induced differentiation of various neurons and pigment epithelium in the retina. These findings extend to other small peptides, leading to the emergence of different tissues like nervous tissue and liver.

AEDR Peptide and Its Effect on Cytoskeleton Proteins

The peptide AEDR reinforced expression of cytoskeleton proteins in embryonic fibroblasts. It increased the expression of various proteins such as actin, tubulin, vimentin, enhancing cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis. Its mechanism lies in its ability to activate protein synthesis in cyto- (cellular) and karyoskeleton (nuclear) and thereby enhance cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis.

Conclusion: Future Possibilities and Human Lifespan Enhancement

These experiments displayed that peptides could induce differentiation, proliferation, and suppress apoptosis of cells based on the substance’s structure. The promising results indicate possibilities for targeted induction of cell differentiation and employing biological cellular reserves. These findings lay the groundwork for enhancing human organism functions and possibly extending the human lifespan to its maximal capacity.